1) Scope & UN Numbers
This guide summarizes common marking and labeling requirements for lithium battery shipments. It does not replace IATA DGR / ICAO TI, IMDG Code, or 49 CFR. Always check the latest edition and carrier/operator variations.
Regulatory guidance (IATA, IMDG, PHMSA) is periodically updated — always verify requirements for your shipment.
2) Lithium Battery Mark: When, What, How Big
Purpose: The lithium battery mark alerts handlers that a package contains lithium cells/batteries shipped under specific provisions. It typically includes the battery symbol, the relevant UN number, and a phone contact where required.
Industry guidance commonly specifies a minimum mark size of 100 mm × 100 mm. If package size prevents full mark, reduced dimensions (e.g., 100 mm × 70 mm) may be acceptable while keeping proportions. Maintain legible type and contrast.
- Shape: Square or rectangular mark with red diagonal hatching border, battery symbol and UN ID(s).
- When required: Applicable for many excepted shipments of standalone cells/batteries and batteries with/inside equipment; exceptions exist for very small batteries or equipment (check current regulations).
- Note: The lithium battery mark is not the same as Class 9 hazard label; some consignments require both.
3) Hazard Labels: Class 9 & Cargo Aircraft Only (CAO)
Class 9 (Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods)
For consignments that require a hazard label (e.g., higher quantities or energy content), use the standardized Class 9 diamond label.
- Minimum size: 100 mm × 100 mm (diamond).
- Appearance: Standard artwork per UN/IATA/IMDG requirements.
Cargo Aircraft Only (CAO)
Some lithium battery consignments must be marked to indicate they are not permitted on passenger aircraft. Check the carrier/operator rules for CAO/“Cargo Aircraft Only” markings.
- Typical size: ~120 mm × 110 mm (industry practice; confirm with operator).
- Context: CAO markings are emphasized in FAA/PHMSA guidance for air transport safety.
4) Placement & Visual Examples
Place marks and labels on a flat, contrasting surface of the outer packaging where they are clearly visible. Avoid corners, closures, and areas that may be obscured by handling. If multiple labels are required, arrange them so they can be easily read.
SVG graphics are schematic for web use; for production labels always use the official artwork and printed dimensions from the relevant authority.
5) Quick Reference Tables
5.1 Marking vs. Labeling by UN (Typical Air Scenarios)
| UN | Configuration | Typical Air PI | Lithium Battery Mark | Class 9 Label | CAO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN3480 | Li-ion cells/batteries, alone | PI 965 | Often required (UN3480) | Required in some cases | May be required |
| UN3481 | Li-ion in/with equipment | PI 966 / 967 | Often required (UN3481) | Required in some cases | Depends on quantity/operator |
| UN3090 | Li-metal cells/batteries, alone | PI 968 | Often required (UN3090) | Required in many cases | Commonly required |
| UN3091 | Li-metal in/with equipment | PI 969 / 970 | Often required (UN3091) | Required in many cases | Depends on quantity |
5.2 Sizes & Typography (Typical Minimums)
| Item | Minimum Size | Key Elements |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium Battery Mark | 100 × 100 mm (reduced to 100 × 70 mm if necessary) | Battery symbol, red hatching, UN ID(s), contact phone |
| Class 9 Hazard Label | 100 × 100 mm (diamond) | Standard Class 9 artwork |
| CAO (Cargo Aircraft Only) | ~120 × 110 mm (confirm with operator) | CAO pictogram/text per carrier guidance |
Dimension rules may vary by mode/jurisdiction; consult the latest IATA, IMDG, and 49 CFR guidance and carrier requirements.
6) Common Errors & How to Avoid
- Wrong size or ratio: Using undersized or distorted artwork. Always verify mm dimensions and proportions.
- Missing/incorrect UN ID: The applicable UN number must appear on the lithium battery mark.
- Altering the artwork: Do not modify official artwork beyond allowed text (e.g., phone number).
- Omitting CAO when needed: Some shipments require CAO marking to prevent loading on passenger aircraft.
- Poor placement/contrast: Avoid wrap-around placement or low contrast that reduces legibility.
7) Documentation & Additional Notes
- Air (IATA/ICAO): Check Packing Instructions (PI 965–970), shipper declarations, and operator variations.
- U.S. Domestic (PHMSA / 49 CFR): See §173.185 for packaging/marking exceptions and PHMSA guidance.
- Sea (IMDG): Follow IMDG label sizes and stowage rules; carriers may mirror IATA for intermodal shipments.
- Product Marking: Some batteries also require Wh rating on the battery case for passenger carriage rules.
8) Compliance References
- IATA Lithium Battery Guidance Document (latest edition). Consult IATA DGR for packing instructions and marking artwork.
- PHMSA / FAA guidance and 49 CFR §173.185 for domestic US requirements.
- IMDG Code for sea transport requirements.
Work with Huawen New Power
We provide compliant lithium battery packs and full shipping support (UN38.3 test reports, MSDS, labeling templates). Contact our Dangerous Goods specialists for operator-specific checklists or custom label kits.
Contact: info@huawennewpower.com | Website: www.huawennewpower.com
