Battery Backup System for Home

On the morning of October 9, the Zhangzhou High-tech Zone held a concentrated opening and completion ceremony for the fourth quarter of 2024 projects and the groundbreaking ceremony for the New Digital Energy Solid-State Battery (Zhangzhou) Industrial Park.

It is understood that the New Digital Energy Solid-State Battery (Zhangzhou) Industrial Park is wholly owned by Xiamen New Digital Energy Power Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as "New Digital Energy Technology"), with a planned investment of approximately 1.1 billion yuan, mainly for the industrialization supporting construction of high-performance gel solid-state lithium batteries. After the project is completed and reaches full production, it can achieve an annual output of 2.5GWh of gel solid-state lithium batteries, which will fully promote the iteration and upgrade of traditional liquid lithium batteries.

According to Li Bohu, general manager of Xiamen New Digital Energy Power Technology Co., Ltd., gel solid-state batteries are fourth-generation electrochemical system batteries, and their products have inherent advantages such as high safety, high power, high specific energy, wide temperature and ultra-long life. Typical products have passed various national mandatory standard tests and have efficiently passed the trial benchmarking verification of various high-end application scenarios. Its advancedness, safety, economy and other indicators have fully met the conditions for intensive and industrialization.

Li Bohu said that the construction of the New Digital Energy Solid-State Battery (Zhangzhou) Industrial Park is committed to promoting the development of new quality productivity in the new energy industry, especially in the field of solid-state batteries. The technological innovation and commercial application will further help accelerate and develop the leading industry of intelligent manufacturing in Zhangzhou High-tech Zone. He said that the industrial park will adopt a green energy power system integrating source, grid, load and storage, implement energy conservation and emission reduction in all aspects, and strive to build a green, digital, information and intelligent modern factory.

According to the information, New Digital Energy Technology was established in April 2023, with Yu Chen as the legal representative and a registered capital of RMB 55.18 million. The business scope includes new energy prime mover equipment manufacturing; emerging energy technology research and development; energy storage technology services; energy recovery system research and development; resource recycling technology research and development; new energy prime mover equipment sales; battery parts production; battery sales; battery parts sales; battery leasing; new material technology research and development; electrical equipment sales; leasing services, etc.

Mini UPS: Small Power, Big Reliability — Development and Application
With the rise of smart devices and decentralized power demands, traditional large UPS systems no longer fit all applications. The Mini UPS (Miniature Uninterruptible Power Supply) emerged to fill this gap — offering a compact, smart backup solution built around modern lithium battery technologies.

1. Background and Evolution
The demand for portable power protection for small electronics like routers, smart cameras, and IoT gateways has grown rapidly. Traditional UPS systems are bulky, expensive, and often overkill for these smaller devices. Mini UPS solutions provide an ideal alternative — compact, cost-effective, and plug-and-play.

2. Technical Architecture
Mini UPS devices typically feature DC output powered by embedded rechargeable lithium batteries and are managed by a smart BMS (Battery Management System).


Battery: 18650 / 21700 lithium or LiFePO₄ cells (7.4V, 11.1V, 12.8V)
Input: DC 5V / 9V / 12V (constant current-constant voltage charging)
Output: 5V, 9V, 12V, or 24V DC
Switching: Seamless switch-over within ≤10ms
Protection: Overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, short-circuit, and temperature protection

Sample Specs (Huawen Mini UPS Series):
- Battery: 7.4V 5200mAh or 11.1V 7800mAh
- Input: DC 12V/2A | Output: 12V±5% (5V/9V/24V optional)
- Switching time: ≤10ms | Charging time: 4–6 hours
- Operating temperature: -10°C ~ +50°C | Interface: DC5521, USB, RJ45
3. Key Application Scenarios

Networking: Routers, modems, WiFi repeaters — stay online during outages
Security: Smart locks, cameras, doorbells — uninterrupted monitoring
Industrial IoT: PLCs, sensors, control units — ensure data continuity
Medical: Home oxygen machines, insulin pumps — critical operation backup
Smart Home: Gateways, lighting hubs, speakers — improved reliability

4. Lithium Battery Advantage



Aspect
Lead-acid
Lithium (NCM / LiFePO₄)




Energy Density
30–50 Wh/kg
120–250 Wh/kg


Cycle Life
300–500
800–3000+


Weight
Heavy
Light (1/3–1/4)


Discharge
Moderate
Stable, high current


Safety & Eco
Contains lead
No toxic elements, recyclable


Cost Efficiency
Lower upfront
Lower lifecycle cost



5. Future Trends & Huawen Solutions
As edge computing, AIoT, and smart security evolve, Mini UPS will continue to develop toward:


📱 Smart monitoring via app or cloud
📦 Ultra-compact structural design
🛡 Enhanced BMS with thermal, SOC, and SOH diagnostics
🌱 100% lithium-based and recyclable

Huawen New Power offers end-to-end Mini UPS customization, from battery pack design to PCBA integration and casing solutions. Our team supports OEM/ODM services to power your unique business scenario.

Conclusion
Mini UPS systems are no longer scaled-down versions of traditional UPS — they are smart, efficient energy tools essential for connected devices. With lithium battery advancements, their performance and reliability continue to improve. Huawen stands ready to deliver intelligent, compact backup power you can count on.

🔋 Browse Mini UPS Products | 📩 Contact for Custom Quote

Huawen New Power
Innovating Lithium Battery Technology for a Sustainable Future


How Internal Resistance Impacts Lithium Battery Efficiency
1. Understanding Internal Resistance
Internal Resistance (IR) is the inherent opposition to current flow within a battery. It is determined by the materials, cell design, and manufacturing quality. Lower IR means better efficiency, less heat generation, and longer cycle life.

2. How Internal Resistance Affects Efficiency
When current flows, IR causes voltage drop and heat generation: P_loss = I² × R_internal. Even a small increase in IR can significantly reduce output power and efficiency, especially at high discharge rates.

3. Impact on Battery Performance

Voltage Sag: Higher IR leads to more voltage drop under load.
Heat Generation: More heat stresses the battery and accelerates degradation.
Reduced Capacity at High Loads: Energy is wasted as heat instead of useful output.

4. Manufacturing Strategies to Reduce IR

Material Selection: High conductivity electrodes and low-resistance separators.
Precision Coating & Calendering: Optimizes electrode density and conductivity.
Cell Matching: Ensure uniform IR across cells to improve pack performance.
Advanced Electrolyte Formulations: Improve ion transport efficiency.

5. Usage & Maintenance Tips to Keep IR Low

Avoid Deep Discharges: Keep SOC between 20–80%.
Charge at Moderate Rates: High charging currents accelerate IR growth.
Temperature Control: Operate between 15–35°C to minimize thermal stress.
Regular Balancing: Ensures cells operate evenly, reducing IR growth.

6. Common IR-Related Safety Risks

Overheating during high-load operation.
Thermal Runaway risk if IR is combined with physical damage.
Efficiency loss in EVs and renewable storage applications.

7. Data Tables & Visual Insights
Table 1 – Internal Resistance vs Temperature Rise



Internal Resistance (mΩ)
Temp Rise @ 2C (°C)


15
4


20
5


28
8


35
10


40
12




Table 2 – Internal Resistance vs Efficiency



Internal Resistance (mΩ)
Efficiency at 1C (%)


15
97


20
96


28
91


35
89


40
87




Table 3 – IR Growth over Battery Life



Cycle Count
Internal Resistance (mΩ)


0
18


200
22


500
28


800
34


1000
40





// Chart 1: IR vs Temperature Rise
new Chart(document.getElementById('tempChart'), {
type: 'line',
data: {
labels: [15, 20, 28, 35, 40],
datasets: [{
label: 'Temp Rise @ 2C (°C)',
data: [4, 5, 8, 10, 12],
borderColor: 'red',
fill: false,
tension: 0.1
}]
},
options: { responsive: true }
});

// Chart 2: IR vs Efficiency
new Chart(document.getElementById('efficiencyChart'), {
type: 'bar',
data: {
labels: [15, 20, 28, 35, 40],
datasets: [{
label: 'Efficiency at 1C (%)',
data: [97, 96, 91, 89, 87],
backgroundColor: 'green'
}]
},
options: { responsive: true }
});

// Chart 3: IR Growth over Cycles
new Chart(document.getElementById('growthChart'), {
type: 'line',
data: {
labels: [0, 200, 500, 800, 1000],
datasets: [{
label: 'Internal Resistance (mΩ)',
data: [18, 22, 28, 34, 40],
borderColor: 'blue',
fill: false,
tension: 0.1
}]
},
options: { responsive: true }
});


© 2025 Huawen New Power. All rights reserved. | www.huawennewpower.com

Marking & Labeling Requirements for Lithium Battery Shipments
Practical, visual guidance from Huawen New Power for UN3090/3091/3480/3481 shipments (Air/Sea/Ground)



Contents

Scope & UN Numbers
Lithium Battery Mark: When, What, How Big
Hazard Labels: Class 9 & Cargo Aircraft Only (CAO)
Placement & Examples (with SVG)
Quick Reference Tables
Common Errors & How to Avoid
Documentation & Additional Notes
Compliance References



1) Scope & UN Numbers
This guide summarizes common marking and labeling requirements for lithium battery shipments. It does not replace IATA DGR / ICAO TI, IMDG Code, or 49 CFR. Always check the latest edition and carrier/operator variations.


UN3480 – Lithium ion batteries (cells/batteries shipped alone)
UN3481 – Lithium ion batteries contained in/packed with equipment
UN3090 – Lithium metal batteries (shipped alone)
UN3091 – Lithium metal batteries contained in/packed with equipment

Regulatory guidance (IATA, IMDG, PHMSA) is periodically updated — always verify requirements for your shipment.



2) Lithium Battery Mark: When, What, How Big
Purpose: The lithium battery mark alerts handlers that a package contains lithium cells/batteries shipped under specific provisions. It typically includes the battery symbol, the relevant UN number, and a phone contact where required.

Industry guidance commonly specifies a minimum mark size of 100 mm × 100 mm. If package size prevents full mark, reduced dimensions (e.g., 100 mm × 70 mm) may be acceptable while keeping proportions. Maintain legible type and contrast.


Shape: Square or rectangular mark with red diagonal hatching border, battery symbol and UN ID(s).
When required: Applicable for many excepted shipments of standalone cells/batteries and batteries with/inside equipment; exceptions exist for very small batteries or equipment (check current regulations).
Note: The lithium battery mark is not the same as Class 9 hazard label; some consignments require both.



3) Hazard Labels: Class 9 & Cargo Aircraft Only (CAO)


Class 9 (Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods)
For consignments that require a hazard label (e.g., higher quantities or energy content), use the standardized Class 9 diamond label.


Minimum size: 100 mm × 100 mm (diamond).
Appearance: Standard artwork per UN/IATA/IMDG requirements.



Cargo Aircraft Only (CAO)
Some lithium battery consignments must be marked to indicate they are not permitted on passenger aircraft. Check the carrier/operator rules for CAO/“Cargo Aircraft Only” markings.


Typical size: ~120 mm × 110 mm (industry practice; confirm with operator).
Context: CAO markings are emphasized in FAA/PHMSA guidance for air transport safety.





4) Placement & Visual Examples
Place marks and labels on a flat, contrasting surface of the outer packaging where they are clearly visible. Avoid corners, closures, and areas that may be obscured by handling. If multiple labels are required, arrange them so they can be easily read.


UN3481 For info: +00 0000 000 000
9

SVG graphics are schematic for web use; for production labels always use the official artwork and printed dimensions from the relevant authority.



5) Quick Reference Tables
5.1 Marking vs. Labeling by UN (Typical Air Scenarios)



UN
Configuration
Typical Air PI
Lithium Battery Mark
Class 9 Label
CAO




UN3480
Li-ion cells/batteries, alone
PI 965
Often required (UN3480)
Required in some cases
May be required


UN3481
Li-ion in/with equipment
PI 966 / 967
Often required (UN3481)
Required in some cases
Depends on quantity/operator


UN3090
Li-metal cells/batteries, alone
PI 968
Often required (UN3090)
Required in many cases
Commonly required


UN3091
Li-metal in/with equipment
PI 969 / 970
Often required (UN3091)
Required in many cases
Depends on quantity



5.2 Sizes & Typography (Typical Minimums)



Item
Minimum Size
Key Elements




Lithium Battery Mark
100 × 100 mm (reduced to 100 × 70 mm if necessary)
Battery symbol, red hatching, UN ID(s), contact phone


Class 9 Hazard Label
100 × 100 mm (diamond)
Standard Class 9 artwork


CAO (Cargo Aircraft Only)
~120 × 110 mm (confirm with operator)
CAO pictogram/text per carrier guidance



Dimension rules may vary by mode/jurisdiction; consult the latest IATA, IMDG, and 49 CFR guidance and carrier requirements.



6) Common Errors & How to Avoid

Wrong size or ratio: Using undersized or distorted artwork. Always verify mm dimensions and proportions.
Missing/incorrect UN ID: The applicable UN number must appear on the lithium battery mark.
Altering the artwork: Do not modify official artwork beyond allowed text (e.g., phone number).
Omitting CAO when needed: Some shipments require CAO marking to prevent loading on passenger aircraft.
Poor placement/contrast: Avoid wrap-around placement or low contrast that reduces legibility.

Huawen New Power Tip: Keep a locked library of approved label/SVG files and train packers to verify: UN, size, contrast, CAO (if required).


7) Documentation & Additional Notes

Air (IATA/ICAO): Check Packing Instructions (PI 965–970), shipper declarations, and operator variations.
U.S. Domestic (PHMSA / 49 CFR): See §173.185 for packaging/marking exceptions and PHMSA guidance.
Sea (IMDG): Follow IMDG label sizes and stowage rules; carriers may mirror IATA for intermodal shipments.
Product Marking: Some batteries also require Wh rating on the battery case for passenger carriage rules.

Disclaimer: This page summarizes public guidance and industry practice as of 2025. Regulations and carrier policies can change; always consult the latest regulations before shipping.


8) Compliance References

IATA Lithium Battery Guidance Document (latest edition). Consult IATA DGR for packing instructions and marking artwork.
PHMSA / FAA guidance and 49 CFR §173.185 for domestic US requirements.
IMDG Code for sea transport requirements.



Work with Huawen New Power
We provide compliant lithium battery packs and full shipping support (UN38.3 test reports, MSDS, labeling templates). Contact our Dangerous Goods specialists for operator-specific checklists or custom label kits.

Contact: info@huawennewpower.com | Website: www.huawennewpower.com


© 2025 Huawen New Power. All rights reserved.

Lithium Battery Adoption in Cold-Climate Countries: Challenges & Solutions
Practical engineering & deployment guidance from Huawen New Power for reliable low-temperature battery systems.




Cold climates introduce specific electrochemical and mechanical challenges for lithium batteries. This article summarizes the main failure modes, provides engineering solutions (BMS, preheating, chemistry choices, packaging), and gives practical examples for telecom, EV, and remote solar installations.


Primary issues: capacity loss, charging limits, increased IR, swelling
Core remedies: temperature control, suitable chemistries, adaptive charging



Challenges of Using Lithium Batteries in Cold Climates
1. Reduced usable capacity
At low temperatures ion mobility and reaction kinetics slow down, so the battery delivers less usable energy. Typical relative capacity drops as temperature falls (see table & chart below).

2. Slower charging and lithium plating risk
Charging below 0 °C can cause metallic lithium deposition (plating) on the anode. Plated lithium is effectively lost active material and increases short-circuit risk.

3. Increased internal resistance (IR)
Colder cells show higher IR, causing larger voltage sag under load and greater power loss. This may trigger undervoltage protection prematurely.

4. Mechanical and safety concerns
Freeze–thaw cycles, condensation risk, and enclosure material brittleness can cause mechanical stresses, corrosion, or compromised seals.


Operational note: Never charge standard lithium-ion cells at high current when cell temperature is below the manufacturer's recommended minimum (commonly 0 °C). Use preheat or adaptive charging if needed.



Typical Capacity vs Temperature



Temperature (°C)
Relative Capacity (%)




25 °C
100%


0 °C
≈ 80%


-10 °C
≈ 70%


-20 °C
≈ 60%


-30 °C
< 50%



Relative Capacity vs Temperature (Illustrative) Temperature (°C) Relative Capacity (%) 80 60 40 20 -30 -20 -10 0 10 25 Typical relative capacity
Illustrative curve — actual values depend on chemistry and cell design. Use vendor datasheets for design margins.




Engineering Solutions & Best Practices
1. Battery Management System (BMS) with temperature-aware logic
Implement BMS logic that:


Prevents charging below the minimum safe temperature (commonly 0 °C unless cell specifies otherwise).
Provides adaptive charge current based on measured cell temperature.
Logs temperature history and triggers protective actions (isolation, reduced performance) when needed.

2. Pre-heating / Self-heating systems
Options include:


Integrated resistive heating pads controlled by the BMS — used to warm packs prior to charging or high-load events.
Self-heating cell technologies (cells with internal heaters or additives) for extreme cold deployments.
Use-case: EVs commonly implement pack-level heating powered by the vehicle or from an external charger.

3. Chemistry selection
Consider low-temperature tolerant chemistries where appropriate:


LFP (LiFePO₄) — intrinsically robust, good cycle life, moderate low-temperature behavior.
LTO (Lithium Titanate) — excellent low-temperature performance and fast-charge capability, at higher cost.
Adjusted electrode formulation and electrolyte additives can also improve low-temp charge acceptance.

4. Thermal design and insulation
Enclosure & pack-level measures:


Insulated enclosures with low thermal conductivity materials to reduce heat loss.
Thermal mass and phase-change materials (PCM) where diurnal swings are relevant.
Minimize air infiltration and protect against condensation; include desiccants and humidity indicators when needed.

5. Smart charging protocols
Use adaptive charging:


Slow, temperature-capped charging until cells reach a safe temperature, then increase current.
Field-configurable charge profiles to balance charge speed and cell health.


Huawen recommendation: combine modest insulation with a low-power preheat and temperature-aware BMS for the best tradeoff between cost and reliability in many remote or EV applications.




Real-world Applications & Examples
Remote monitoring / Solar-powered stations
Typical solution: insulated enclosure + small heater triggered by BMS when temperature drops below a threshold; use of LFP cells for durability; periodic maintenance visits planned when seasonal changes occur.

Electric Vehicles (cold markets)
OEM solutions: active pack heating (PTC heaters or coolant loops), battery thermal management integrated with cabin HVAC, pre-conditioning before charging and driving.

Telecom & backup systems
Design focus: ensure enough usable energy during extreme cold for critical communications—often use redundant strings and conservative depth-of-discharge to extend reliability.



Quick checklist for deployments

Define lowest ambient temp and expected duration
Specify minimum safe charge temp in RFQ
Require temperature logging & telematics for remote sites
Consider preheat + insulation as primary mitigation
Choose chemistry aligned with cycle & low-temp needs

Request cold-climate consultation


Conclusion
Cold climates pose clear challenges for lithium battery performance and longevity, but they are manageable with thoughtful system design. The most effective strategy combines: temperature-aware BMS logic, modest insulation, preheat capability, and careful chemistry selection. For many deployments, this hybrid approach achieves reliable operation at a reasonable cost.

Huawen New Power provides end-to-end services for cold-climate battery systems: chemistry selection, BMS configuration, thermal design, prototype testing, and field validation. Contact our team to discuss a tailored solution for your application.

Disclaimer: Data and curves in this article are illustrative. For final design, use cell-specific datasheets and perform application-level testing.




© 2025 Huawen New Power. All rights reserved. Contact: info@huawennewpower.com