Pressure relief valves are critical safety components integrated into cylindrical lithium battery cells. They serve as the last line of defense against overpressure conditions that could otherwise lead to rupture, fire, or explosion.
A pressure relief valve (also known as a vent or safety valve) is a small metal disc located at the cell’s top cap. It is designed to open when the internal gas pressure inside the cell exceeds a safe threshold, allowing gases to escape safely.
Cause | Description | Result |
---|---|---|
Overcharging | Excessive voltage leads to gas generation and internal heat. | Valve activates to vent gases. |
Internal Short Circuit | Defects or mechanical damage cause local heating. | Rapid pressure increase. |
Thermal Runaway | Heat chain reaction causes uncontrolled temperature rise. | Critical safety event — valve must function properly. |
As shown above, under normal conditions, pressure remains flat. During overcharge or overheating, pressure spikes until the safety valve activates, releasing gas and stabilizing the cell.
Huawen New Power ensures all cylindrical cells used in our battery packs undergo strict safety validation, including valve integrity testing and overpressure simulations, to deliver reliable and safe lithium power solutions.
Aspect | Function | Safety Impact |
---|---|---|
Pressure Relief Valve | Releases gas at high pressure | Prevents explosion or casing rupture |
PTC/Current Interrupt Device | Interrupts current flow during overcurrent | Prevents further heating |
Vent Channel | Guides gas out of battery pack | Prevents secondary ignition |
Author: Huawen New Power Battery Engineering Team
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